The Yoga system is divided into two principal parts – Hatha and Raja Yoga. Hatha Yoga deals principally with the physiological part of man with a view to establish his health and train his will. The processes prescribed to arrive at this end are so difficult that only a few resolute souls go through all the stages denounced by all the philosophers. The most illustrious Shankaracharya has remarked in his treatise called Aparokshanubhuti that “the system of Hatha Yoga was intended for those whose worldly desires are not pacified or uprooted.”
Q. No. 1:
Which one of the following, if true, most substantially strengthens the idea given in the passage?
A :
The percentage of people in a given ashram practising Raja Yoga is more than the percentage of people practising Hatha Yoga.
B :
The number of people in a given ashram practising Raja Yoga is more than the number of people practising Hatha Yoga.
C :
The number of Yoga schools teaching Raja Yoga is more than the number of Yoga schools teaching Hatha Yoga.
D :
The percentage of students who have successfully learnt Raja Yoga is more than the percentage of students who have successfully learnt Hatha Yoga.
Answer: D The argument states Hata Yoga to be a difficult practice and it also vociferously mentions that 'Hata Yoga' can be sustained by a few resolute souls. The argument also says with certainty that philosophers do not encourage the practice as it has had its toll in the past. Therefore if we consider the facts mentioned in statement D to be truepercentage of successful practitioners of 'Raja Yoga' is higher than that of the practitioners of 'Hata Yoga', the argument would be strengthened. All the other options talk of people currently practicing “raja Yoga” which does not affect the argument as the discussion is about successful completion of the practice.
Q. No. 2:
Which of the following option best reflects Shankaracharya’s comments on Hatha Yoga?
A :
Hatha Yoga is for those whose worldly desires are not placated.
B :
Hatha Yoga has disastrous consequences for Yoga practitioners.
C :
Practised under the guidance of experts, Hatha Yoga is better than Raja Yoga for some people.
D :
Hatha Yoga is ill-suited for people with strong worldly desires
Answer: A Option A reiterates what is stated by Shankaracharya, making it the correct answer. Statements B and C are not specific to the comments of Shankaracharya. Statement D is contrary to Sankaracharya's comments.
In Hume’s eyes productive labour was the greatest asset of a country, and foreign trade was valuable because it enabled a nation to use more and more varied labour than would otherwise be possible. But commerce was of mutual advantage to the nations involved, not a benefit to one and injury to other. “The increase of riches and commerce in any one nation,” added Hume, “instead of hurting, commonly, promotes the riches and commerce of all its neighbours.” “The emulation in rival nations serves… to keep industry alive in all of them.”
Q. No. 1:
The importance of foreign trade, in eyes of Hume, was due to that:
A :
it allowed the employment of surplus labour in a nation.
B :
it allowed the diversion of labour to export oriented industries
C :
it allowed varied application of labour force in a nation
D :
it allowed application of varied labour force in a nation
Answer: D Statement D is a reiteration of Hume's view mentioned in the argument. Options A and B are not specific to Hume's view. Option C mentions 'varied application' whereas Hume's view is about application of 'varied labour' making it incorrect.
Q. No. 2:
As per Hume, free trade between nations was made advantageous by the outcome of:
A :
mutual increase in riches and commerce.
B :
emulation of industrial activity by different nations
C :
affable promotion of industrial activity among nations
D :
productive employment of labour in different nations
Answer: A Statement A is a reiteration of Hume's view mentioned in the argument- “commerce was of mutual advantage to the nations involved”. All the other options are too broad.